PGY 300LEC – Human Physiology
Outline
III. Nervous System A. Structure and Function B. Neurons C. Neurotransmitters
VII. Respiratory System A. Structure and Function of Lungs B. Gas Exchange C. Respiratory Diseases
VIII. Digestive System A. Digestive Tract B. Accessory Organs C. Digestion and Absorption
XII. FAQs A. What is Human Physiology? B. What kind of jobs can I get with a degree in Human Physiology? C. What are some common disorders related to the Cardiovascular System? D. How does the Nervous System control the Muscular System? E. How is Urine formed in the Kidneys?
PGY 300LEC – Human Physiology
Introduction
Human physiology is the study of how the human body functions. It is a complex field that requires an understanding of the many systems and processes that occur within the body. Studying human physiology is essential for those interested in pursuing careers in health care, fitness, and other related fields. The PGY 300LEC course is an introductory course that covers the basics of human physiology. In this article, we will discuss the key topics covered in the PGY 300LEC course.
The Human Body
The human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Cells are the building blocks of the body, while tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Organs are collections of tissues that work together to perform a specific function, while systems are groups of organs that work together to perform a larger function. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body, and it is essential for proper body function.
Nervous System
The nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating the body’s functions. It is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system, and they transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons. The nervous system controls voluntary and involuntary movements, as well as the senses, thoughts, and emotions.
Endocrine System
The endocrine system is responsible for producing and secreting hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and regulate the body’s functions. The pituitary gland, thyroid gland
, and adrenal gland are some of the major glands of the endocrine system. Hormones produced by these glands regulate growth and development, metabolism, and stress response, among others.
Muscular System
The muscular system is responsible for movement and maintaining posture. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow movement, while smooth muscles control the movement of internal organs, such as the digestive tract. Cardiac muscle is unique to the heart and is responsible for its contraction.
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body. The heart is the main organ of the cardiovascular system and pumps blood through blood vessels, such as arteries and veins. Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels, while blood flow is the volume of blood that flows through the vessels.
Respiratory System
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system and are responsible for bringing in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and emphysema, can significantly affect breathing.
Digestive System
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The digestive tract is a long, muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. Accessory organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, secrete digestive enzymes and bile to aid in digestion.
Urinary System
The urinary system is responsible for removing waste products from the body and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system and filter waste products from the blood to form urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for urine formation.
Reproductive System
The reproductive system is responsible for the production of offspring. The male reproductive system includes the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and penis, while the female reproductive system includes the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Fertilization occurs when sperm and egg cells unite, and pregnancy results from the development of the fertilized egg.
Conclusion
Studying human physiology is essential for understanding how the body works and maintaining good health. The PGY 300LEC course provides a comprehensive introduction to the key topics in human physiology and prepares students for further studies in related fields. A degree in human physiology can lead to a variety of career opportunities, including health care, research, and education.
FAQs